FOF Formula!!!!

1. Liquidity Ratio

• Current Ratio(in time): Current Assets / Current Liabilities
• Quick(Acid Test) Ratio: (Current Assets - Inventories) / Current Liabilities

2. Asset Management Ratios

• Inventory Turnover Ratio(in day): (Inventories /Sales or COGS)(365)
• Inventory Turnover Ratio(in time): Sales or COGS / Inventories
• Days Sales Outstanding: Receivables / (Annual Sales/365)
• Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio: Sales / Net Fixed Assets
• Total Asset Turnover Ratio: Sales / Total Assets

3.Debt Management Ratio

• Average Payment Period(in day): (Average Creditors / Purchase)(360)
• Debt Ratio(in %): (Total Debt / Total Assets)(100)

4.Profitability Ratio

• Gross Profit Margin(in %): (Gross Profit / Sales)(100)
• Net Profit Margin(in %): (Net Profit after Tax / Sales)(100)
• Basic Earning Power Ratio(in %): (EBIT / Total Assets)(100)
• Return on Assets(in %): (Net Income / Total Assets)(100)
• Return on Equity(in %): (Net Income / Common Equity)(100)

5.Market Value Ratios

• Earning per Share(in value, RM): Net income after tax and preference dividend / Number of Shares Outstanding
• Price / Earning Ratio(in Time): Market price per share / Earning per share
• Book Value per Share(in value, RM): Common Equity / Number of Share outstanding.
• Market / Book Ratio(in time): Market price per share / Book value per share

Simple Interest

1. S=P(i)(n)
2. Future Value=P(1+(i)(n))
3. Present Value=FV/(1+(i)(n))

Compound Interest

1. Future Value=PV(1+i)^n
2. Future Value=PR(FVIF i,n)
3. Present Value=FV/(1+i)^n
4. Present Value=FV(PVIF i,n)

Annuities

1. Ordinary
• Future Value=A([(1+i)^n-1]/i)
• Future Value=A(FVIFA i,n)
• Present Value=A[1-(1/(1+i)^n) / i]
• Present Value=A(PVIFA i,n)
2. Annuity
• Future Value=A[(1+i)^n-1]/i)(1+i)
• Future Value=A(FVIFA i,n)(1+i)
• Present Value=A[1-(1/(1+i)^n) / i](1+i)
• Present Value=A(PVIFA i,n)(1+i)

Perpetuities

1. PV=PP/i

Constant Growth Perpetuity

1. PV=[PP(1+g)] / (i-g)

Future Value and Nominal Annual Interest Rate

1. FV=PV(1+i/m)^mn      M=no. of compounding preiod per year

Present Value and Nominal Annual Interest Rate

1. PV=FV / (1+i/m)^mn      M=no. of compounding preiod per year

Effective Annual Interest Rate

1. (1 + Effective Annual Interest Rate) = (1+i/m)^m
2. Effective Annual Interest Rate(EFF %) = (1+i/m)^m -1